4. What are the benefits to homeowners in getting off gas?
At this time, the biggest benefit to going all-electric is being on the forefront of sustainable technology in your home. A new all-electric system is better for the climate today, and will get cleaner every year. I think it’s in a similar position to electric cars 5 years ago, or solar panels 10 years ago.
A more concrete benefit is health related: carbon monoxide (CO) safety. About 20,000 Americans are treated for CO poisoning every year, and the leading cause is faulty gas appliances like furnaces and water heaters in our home. There’s also chronic CO poisoning, caused by long-term low-level exposure, which is very often undiagnosed and can lead to a whole host of medical problems. In my home, there is no longer any combustion, which means there’s no more risk of carbon monoxide. (But building code still requires that I keep the CO detector!)
Electric heat is also extremely reliable. Modern gas furnaces are complicated beasts with a lot of finicky moving parts that tend to fail at the worst possible times: on the first heating day after sitting idle all summer, or on extremely cold days when the system is stressed. Either way it’s an expensive emergency-service visit from a busy technician.
Another benefit specific to 2040 Energy’s electrified system is that we’re building an intelligent heating system. The system continuously monitors energy usage and heating/cooling output, so you always know how efficiently the system is actually running in your home. Our control software is continually optimized and updated, so your heating can get more efficient and cost-effective over time. We’re also monitoring temperature and pressure data inside the equipment so we can diagnose—and in some cases even prevent—maintenance issues. This is the sort of thing people are expecting of their technology in 2019, and no other HVAC system is doing this.
5. What are some of the challenges homeowners face in trying to go all electric?
The biggest challenge is backup heat. Any HVAC professional can install a heat pump for you, but when the polar vortex strikes and the temperature is -20°F, the heat pump will not be able to heat your entire home—so you need a backup heating system. Usually this backup is gas, but if you want to go all electric, then it needs to be electric resistance.
Electric resistance is very inefficient and expensive to run. This isn’t a big deal, because a properly sized and configured cold-climate system will be running on backup just 5 to 10 percent of the time. But HVAC contractors do not want to install it, and they will think you’re crazy if you ask for it.
Another problem for the HVAC pros is that electric resistance heat can require significant electrical work. This usually means they need to call in a separate electrical contractor, which makes everything more complicated and expensive.
6. What are the cost differentials (upfront as well as ongoing)?
It really depends, and climate/region is a huge factor. If you are in a warm climate that rarely gets below, say, 20°F, going all-electric with an air-source heat pump will be cheaper up-front, and probably ongoing as well. Areas like this are already installing a lot of heat pumps because it makes so much sense.
For colder climates, you will need backup heating, and natural gas is really cheap right now relative to electricity. So you might pay $10,000 more up-front for a cold-climate heat pump with resistance backup, and 30-50% more for the energy to run it.
But you can get started with electrified heating for much less! If you’re replacing your air conditioner, it costs maybe $1,500 extra to replace it with a standard heat pump that will also cover about half of your heating load. But if you want to be able to completely disconnect your gas line, you will need to make a much bigger investment.
For 2040 Energy, this makes the Minneapolis area a perfect place to prove ourselves. By creating an electrified heating system that’s cost-effective here, we have something that we know will work great just about anywhere in the USA (and most of Canada). And our modeling shows that by integrating thermal energy storage, we can compete with a natural gas system on operating costs! But it will be a few years before our up-front equipment/installation costs are competitive with a typical gas furnace.
7. What are some of the challenges you are facing in working with contractors?
My biggest challenge is that I’m trying to get contractors to install a new product; they are still installing old products. Also, many seasoned professionals have had bad experiences with new technology in the past, and would prefer to wait until the 2nd or 3rd generation before jumping in.
8. What would you recommend for people who have gas-powered furnaces to get started on the switch?
I would start with your other gas appliances, like your clothes dryer and your stove. These are smaller purchases that can get you started down the electrification path. And logistically, these gas lines might be branched off your furnace line, so it would be challenging to keep your gas dryer after the gas furnace is removed.
From there, you should choose whether you want to replace your HVAC system in a piecemeal fashion over time, or if you want to do it all at once. Making the big purchase all at once can be more challenging financially, but will actually cost less overall than separate installations for each piece of your system.
But many people will be more comfortable easing into electrification. So I would say the first step is to replace your air conditioner with an air-source heat pump that can both heat and cool your home. This is the biggest bang for your buck in terms of lowering your gas usage. Then, replace your water heater, and finally your backup heat.
