An "Electric Bungalow" in Urban St. Paul

When the elderly gentleman across the alley asked Tom Fisher and Claudia Wielgorecki if they'd like to buy his house, they said yes. It was just the opportunity the couple had been seeking. Their three-level home in St. Paul, where they'd raised their two daughters, had become too big for the couple: They'd long closed off the third level to conserve heat in the winter.  

Fisher and Wielgroecki had also discussed what it would take to live a low-carbon life and where they might age in place. Fisher is the former Dean of College of Design at the University of Minnesota, a longtime architecture professor, director of the Minnesota Design Center, and Dayton Hudson Chair in Urban Design in the College of Design. Wielgorecki is a former architectural historian and computer programmer.

So, they turned their house over to their daughter and son-in-law with two children, got their younger daughter and son-in-law to move in next door, and began working on what their architect calls their "Electric Bungalow." Designed by Salmela Architect in Duluth (Fisher has written several books on architect David Salmela's work), the 1,700-square-foot infill house in an urban neighborhood near the University of Minnesota runs on solar power.

"The goal in doing this house was to show how one could do a relatively affordable, urban, energy-efficient house on a very tight urban site," Fisher told Rise readers back in 2019. "Cities all over the world have old houses on tight urban sites that need to be redeveloped. I was hoping this house would be an example of what you could do."

Built on the Existing Foundation  

The team discussed whether to keep the existing structure, a single-level, one-bedroom, 700-square-foot bungalow. "But, the wood frame of the house was caving in," Fisher recalls. So, the team deconstructed the house with help from an organization that employs former convicts. Concrete, wood, appliances, metal, stucco, and other materials went in separate bins for recycling. Stained-glass windows found new homes. Fisher says that 80% of the former structure was recycled.

They kept, however, the 1911 basement and foundation. "That allowed us to avoid excavation, which would have disturbed the existing oak trees on the site," Fisher says, some of which were upward of 100 years old. Keeping the basement and foundation also reduced the couple's construction costs.

The architects designed the new house to cantilever slightly over the 20-foot-wide-by-32-foot-long foundation, adding 100 square feet to the first level. The extra square footage allowed the architects to include a full, accessible bathroom and a bedroom (with a stacked washer and dryer in a laundry closet) on the 1000-square-foot first level. Fisher and Wielgorecki anticipate that someday they will live solely on the main level, so the architects addressed those aging-in-place concerns. Currently, the lower-level bedroom is the grandchildren's play area.

The architects also built upward with the home's design due to the foundation's constraints and the tight urban site. As such, the kitchen, dining, and living areas on the first level are open plan and face the backyard (and the couple's former house). The home's spacious double-height volume, with a large window looking into the leafy canopy of a mature oak tree, gives the home an airy feel while bringing in abundant daylight.

Elsewhere in the home, double-pane argon-gas-filled Marvin windows project outward. These windows bring in additional daylight and capture views of the treetops and night sky (while providing privacy). The large windows have ledges made into built-in window seats. The smaller windows have sills that function as shelf space.

"Because the windows project out, the house feels bigger," Fisher says. "The house is basically a gabled box with windows that are purposefully asymmetrical and arranged to block the neighbors on either side." The asymmetrical gable roof and exterior walls of the home's two-by-six wood frame are packed with closed-cell spray foam insulation. The house is clad in gray corrugated and standing-seam metal panels.

All On-Grid All-Electric Home

The team capped off an existing gas line early in the construction phase. The couple wanted to decarbonize the house and reduce their risk of exposure to carbon monoxide. With a grid-tied 5.4 kW solar array on the south-facing roof slope, they now power much of their all-electric home. Fisher enjoys checking in with the app on his phone that shows how much energy they've purchased daily, how much energy they've generated, the energy stored in their Tesla Powerwall home battery, and how much electricity they've used. "Very early in the morning," he says. "we may need to draw from the grid until the sun comes up.  

The home isn't a certified Passive House but fulfills many Passive House qualifications. The mechanicals includes an electric ComfortMaker SoftSound heating and cooling unit, along with a highly efficient heat pump air-exchanger. The home has LED lights and an electric kitchen range. Interior finishes include maple hardwood floors and white-painted walls.

A wood screen along the staircase leading to the second-floor office, bathroom, and bedroom keeps the lower-level feeling airy and open. Pops of color—including blue tile in the kitchen, a yellow door to the office, a blue door to the first-floor bath—keep the clean aesthetic lively.

Low-Carbon Life 

"Our goal was to lead a low-carbon life," Fisher says, "to live off the grid and use solar as much as possible." Outside is a clover lawn and landscaping with native plants that need neither water or chemicals. The couple kept the existing garage, which was only about ten years old. It also provides a privacy screen for their small fenced-in backyard—with gates to their daughters' homes next door and across the alley.

The couple moved into their electric bungalow in June 2019. Because of its central location in the "family compound," as Fisher calls their proximity with their daughters and families, the grandparents and their new airy open home became the "pandemic bubble."

"The whole family would come over and hang out on the main level," Fisher says. Living through the pandemic also reassured the couple that their "retirement plan" was in place and workable, Fisher adds, with their daughters close at hand on either side.

For now, though, the couple "uses every square inch of the house," Fisher adds. Having achieved a low-carbon life, he adds, "It's great living in this all-electric house."

Article by:

Camille LeFevre

Camille LeFevre is an architecture and design writer based in the Twin Cities.