Spring Prep for Veggie Gardens at Home

When Can I Start My Garden?

The question of when to start a garden isn't as cut and dry as some may imagine. We live in an ever-changing world, with each year bringing new challenges to even the most experienced growers. The climate crisis has made this slightly more variable, changing somewhat from year to year. So what do you consider when planting a garden?

To begin, the best way to know when to start a garden is to look at your frost dates. Knowing the approximate week helps guide your decision-making process because it informs you when to begin sprouting your seeds indoors. Following sprouting times is essential, as it guarantees the plants are mature and ready to grow the day you plant them outside. This information can save you time and extend your growing season.

Now, the calculation the last spring frost isn't a perfect prediction as it's dependant on the previous years' trends. When deciding to plant, take time every day to glance over the weather and know if there is a chance of frost overnight. The last thing you want is weeks of preparation only to have the frost kill your plants the first night.

Also, be sure to remember that frost dates are not only dependant on a set date, but also location. Your latitude and altitude affect the growing season, including both first and last frost. To use Rise's Headquarters in Fredericton, New Brunswick, as an example, the last frost is expected for May 22nd with our elevation at 127 ft. Even with this information, I know from experience that freezes can go well into the first and second weeks of June. 

My home town of Los Banos, California, on the other hand, has the last frost anticipated for February 8th at an elevation of 121 ft. But that doesn't mean everywhere in the southwest shares a similar grow time. Yosemite, in California, experiences its last frost on June 1st at 5000+ feet elevation. As you can see, there's no "one size fits all" solution to planting dates, but understanding the where and when gives you a baseline to start with.

With the knowledge of your first and last frost (your season length), you're ready to start researching which plants will do best in your climate and seasonal limitations. Understanding the period of your growing season guides you on what to plant.

Tomatoes

The tomato plant is a versatile, vigorous grower that enjoys full sun and has been maintained for hundreds of years, resulting in too many varieties to name. The range of tomatoes varies from large Beefsteak that makes for great toppers on burgers to the Sweet Millions that give you snackable treats all summer. These plants are heat lovers, so be sure to keep them protected until after the last frost.

When choosing your tomato variety, pay attention to the growing time. Some tomatoes, like various heirloom varieties, require longer seasons to produce their delicious fruit. I always recommend heirlooms varieties, which often have a richer flavor.  Heirloom vegetables are species that have been grown over many generations through classic breeding techniques. This type of breeding builds natural hardiness in the climate zone they are grown in.

With tomatoes, I can tell you that individual plants may need more attention. Recent experimentation with different varieties has taught me that some are calcium hogs. If growing in a container garden, be sure to watch for unsightly blossom rot at the bottom of your tomatoes. The bottom of your fruit beginning to rot may be a sign that they need more regular top-ups of water-soluble calcium.

Lettuce

Lettuce is another great plant that does well for beginner gardeners. This cold season crop does well in spring and fall. Unless you have a variety bred to survive the warmth of summer, expect your plant to begin to bolt - go to flower and seed - as you reach the heat of summer.

There are numerous varieties of lettuce and other salad greens to consider for your home garden. 

Two of my favorites are the Buttercrunch and Red Annapolis, which have a delicious flavor and crunch. Aside from taste, you can choose lettuce varieties that produce a head of lettuce or cut-and-come-again varieties. Both have their benefits, though I tend to enjoy going out and harvesting small amounts of lettuce daily instead of waiting for the heads to be ready for harvest.

Beets

Beets are an excellent dual-purpose crop. They produce a tasty root, and the leaves atop the plant make a great addition to your other salad greens. This cool-season crop is great for beginners because it is relatively easy to grow and can weather frost and near freezing.

According to Carleen Madigan's book, The Backyard Homestead, beets taste best when harvested at around the size of a golf ball. The larger the beet grows, the more likely it is going to develop a woody texture. Like lettuce, some beet varieties will bolt in the summer months.

Beets grow best in well-tended soil. For a nice shaped beetroot, it's essential to have the plot free of stones to ensure there are no obstructions to growth. The obstacles won't damage the crop, but you may have a misshapen beet at the end.