Second, because the wood is outside and is exposed to a wide variety of outdoor conditions, you'll want to make sure the wood does not rot. So, you'll want to consider whether to use pressure-treated or naturally durable and rot-resistant wood. Pressure-treated lumber contains preservatives to help the wood last longer. The concern with using treated wood for food gardens, however, is that as the wood breaks down over time, preservatives may leach into the food we eat. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has since looked into the subject and summarizes the most common dangerous preservatives. While these preservatives are no longer used for residential purposes, when considering using older or reclaimed woods, it is vital to know the wood's origin. Newer water-based wood preservatives are also available that are deemed safe for gardens, decking, playscapes, etc., such as ACQ (alkaline copper quaternary) and borates.

While pressure-treated wood sold today is considered safe by the EPA for home gardening purposes, treated lumber does not comply with USDA certified organic standards. The solution when you are growing food is to look for naturally rot-resistant wood species. Although more expensive, wood like cedar and redwood will not leach chemicals into the garden and will still last a solid ten to twenty years.

You might also want to consider alternatives to wood. Loll Design planters, for example, are made out of recycled milk jugs and are 100 percent recyclable. This sturdy material will not rot and can enhance any outdoor space with its multitude of color options.

2. Plant Strategically

There are many ways to help optimize the garden's bloom or yield without using harmful chemicals found in fertilizers. Understanding the basis of permaculture—the design principles of natural ecosystems—can help you better plan the garden as a system, mimicking nature's synergism and resilience. Companion planting, which means locating plants next to each other that benefit each other enforces nature's synergism, which is another strategy. For example, tall plants like corn can support certain climbing plants such as beans. Sprawling plants like potatoes minimize open soil areas where weeds may take root. Plants with long taproots enrich the topsoil by drawing nutrients from the bottom soil layers upwards. On the other hand, some plant species may inhibit each other's growth. Garlic and onions, for instance, stunt the growth of peas and beans. This garden planner for flowers, vegetables, and herbs can help you plan the garden layout, also giving insights for companion planting.

Consider also planting flowers, such as marigolds and sunflowers, among your food garden to attract insects and birds that will help pollinate your garden and reduce pests. Match the flowers and food plants according to their sunlight and water needs. Building and planting in smaller boxes is an excellent strategy to more easily group the plants that work well together. This Surrey garden exhibits beautiful smaller planters, which not only partition the plants to limit competition but also give greater accessibility for tending the garden.

3. Give your Garden the Right Nutrients

One of the great things about raised garden beds is that even in a location with poor soil, or no soil at all, they allow you to start from scratch. This enables you to formulate the optimal soil for your gardening needs. Factors to consider for the soil type include the plants you plan to grow and your regional weather. A considerably dry climate, for example, may require soil with high water retention ability, while a wet climate may require more drainage. Plant tags and seed packets usually specify the soil conditions your plants need to survive. Gardeners Supply Company recommends as a general guideline following the soil proportions of 60% topsoil, 30% compost, and 10% potting soil.